The suffix “-less” transforms a root word, typically a noun or verb, into an adjective indicating the absence or lack of the quality, characteristic, or thing the root signifies. For instance, “power” becomes “powerless,” indicating a lack of power, and “home” becomes “homeless,” signifying a lack of a home. This morphological process allows for concise and nuanced expression of a negative attribute.
This derivational suffix contributes significantly to vocabulary expansion and efficient communication. It provides a readily understood mechanism for expressing negation without requiring cumbersome circumlocutions. Historically, the suffix has Germanic roots, tracing back to Old English “-las.” Its continued prevalence highlights its enduring utility in conveying complex ideas succinctly. Understanding the function of this suffix is fundamental to comprehending a substantial portion of English vocabulary, particularly adjectives describing deficiencies or absences.